Multi-phase separation in mitochondrial nucleoids and eukaryotic nuclei

Qi Long; Yanshuang Zhou; Jingyi Guo; Hao Wu; Xingguo Liu

doi:10.52601/bpr.2023.220018

Volume 9 Issue 3

Jun. 2023

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Biophysics Reports > 2023 > 9(3): 113-119

Qi Long, Yanshuang Zhou, Jingyi Guo, Hao Wu, Xingguo Liu. Multi-phase separation in mitochondrial nucleoids and eukaryotic nuclei. Biophysics Reports, 2023, 9(3): 113-119. doi: 10.52601/bpr.2023.220018

Citation:

Qi Long, Yanshuang Zhou, Jingyi Guo, Hao Wu, Xingguo Liu. Multi-phase separation in mitochondrial nucleoids and eukaryotic nuclei. Biophysics Reports, 2023, 9(3): 113-119. doi: 10.52601/bpr.2023.220018

Citation:

PDF (4076 KB)

Multi-phase separation in mitochondrial nucleoids and eukaryotic nuclei

doi: 10.52601/bpr.2023.220018

Qi Long^{1, 2, Q},
Yanshuang Zhou^{1, 2, Q},
Jingyi Guo^{1, 2},
Hao Wu^{1, 2},
Xingguo Liu^{1, 2, 3
,
,}

1.
CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
2.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
3.
Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China

Funds: This study is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation projects of China (92157202, 32025010, 32241002, 92254301, 32261160376, 31970709, 32070729, 32100619, 32170747), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1103800, 2019YFA0904500), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0480000), the Key Research Program, CAS (ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLC003), International Cooperation Program, CAS (154144KYSB20200006), CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-075), Guangdong Province Science and Technology Program (2023A1515030231, 2022A1515110493, 2020B1212060052, 2021A1515012513, 2021B1515020096, 2022A1515012616, 2022A1515110951), Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (202102020827, 202102080066), Open research funds of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital (202301-203), Open Research Program of Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, CAS (KLRB202107, KLRB202203), and CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association (to Y. W and K. C).

More Information

Corresponding author: liu_xingguo@gibh.ac.cn (X. Liu)
Received Date: 11 August 2022
Accepted Date: 10 February 2023

Available Online: 27 March 2023

Publish Date: 01 June 2023

Abstract

Abstract

In mammalian cells, besides nuclei, mitochondria are the only semi-autonomous organelles possessing own DNA organized in the form of nucleoids. While eukaryotic nuclear DNA compaction, chromatin compartmentalization and transcription are regulated by phase separation, our recent work proposed a model of mitochondrial nucleoid self-assembly and transcriptional regulation by multi-phase separation. Herein, we summarized the phase separation both in the nucleus and mitochondrial nucleoids, and did a comparison of the organization and activity regulating, which would provide new insight into the understanding of both architecture and genetics of nucleus and mitochondrial nucleoids.

Qi Long, Yanshuang Zhou, Jingyi Guo, Hao Wu and Xingguo Liu declare that they have no conflict of interest.
This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.
Qi Long and Yanshuang Zhou contributed equally to this work.

FullText(HTML)

References(51)

References

Alberti S, Gladfelter A, Mittag T (2019) Considerations and challenges in studying liquid-liquid phase separation and biomolecular condensates. Cell 176(3): 419−434 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.035

Banani SF, Lee HO, Hyman AA, Rosen MK (2017) Biomolecular condensates: organizers of cellular biochemistry. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 18(5): 285−298 doi: 10.1038/nrm.2017.7

Banani SF, Rice AM, Peeples WB, Lin Y, Jain S, Parker R, Rosen MK (2016) Compositional control of phase-separated cellular bodies. Cell 166(3): 651−663 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.010

Bi X, Xu Y, Li T, Li X, Li W, Shao W, Wang K, Zhan G, Wu Z, Liu W, Lu JY, Wang L, Zhao J, Wu J, Na J, Li G, Li P, Shen X (2019) RNA targets ribogenesis factor WDR43 to chromatin for transcription and pluripotency control. Mol Cell 75(1): 102−116 doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.05.007

Boehning M, Dugast-Darzacq C, Rankovic M, Hansen AS, Yu T, Marie-Nelly H, McSwiggen DT, Kokic G, Dailey GM, Cramer P, Darzacq X, Zweckstetter M (2018) RNA polymerase II clustering through carboxy-terminal domain phase separation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 25(9): 833−840 doi: 10.1038/s41594-018-0112-y

Boeynaems S, Alberti S, Fawzi NL, Mittag T, Polymenidou M, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J, Shorter J, Wolozin B, Van Den Bosch L, Tompa P, Fuxreiter M (2018) Protein phase separation: a new phase in cell biology. Trends Cell Biol 28(6): 420−435 doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.02.004

Brangwynne CP, Mitchison TJ, Hyman AA (2011) Active liquid-like behavior of nucleoli determines their size and shape in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(11): 4334−4339 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1017150108

Cheng Y, Xie W, Pickering BF, Chu KL, Savino AM, Yang X, Luo H, Nguyen DT, Mo S, Barin E, Velleca A, Rohwetter TM, Patel DJ, Jaffrey SR, Kharas MG (2021) N(6)-Methyladenosine on mRNA facilitates a phase-separated nuclear body that suppresses myeloid leukemic differentiation. Cancer Cell 39(7): 958−972 doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.04.017

Cho WK, Spille JH, Hecht M, Lee C, Li C, Grube V, Cisse, II (2018) Mediator and RNA polymerase II clusters associate in transcription-dependent condensates. Science 361(6400): 412−415 doi: 10.1126/science.aar4199

Cogliati S, Frezza C, Soriano ME, Varanita T, Quintana-Cabrera R, Corrado M, Cipolat S, Costa V, Casarin A, Gomes LC, Perales-Clemente E, Salviati L, Fernandez-Silva P, Enriquez JA, Scorrano L (2013) Mitochondrial cristae shape determines respiratory chain supercomplexes assembly and respiratory efficiency. Cell 155(1): 160−171 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.032

Durniak KJ, Bailey S, Steitz TA (2008) The structure of a transcribing T7 RNA polymerase in transition from initiation to elongation. Science 322(5901): 553−557 doi: 10.1126/science.1163433

Farge G, Mehmedovic M, Baclayon M, van den Wildenberg SM, Roos WH, Gustafsson CM, Wuite GJ, Falkenberg M (2014) In vitro-reconstituted nucleoids can block mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription. Cell Rep 8(1): 66−74 doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.05.046

Feric M, Demarest TG, Tian J, Croteau DL, Bohr VA, Misteli T (2021) Self-assembly of multi-component mitochondrial nucleoids via phase separation. EMBO J 40(6): e107165. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020107165

Feric M, Vaidya N, Harmon TS, Mitrea DM, Zhu L, Richardson TM, Kriwacki RW, Pappu RV, Brangwynne CP (2016) Coexisting liquid phases underlie nucleolar subcompartments. Cell 165(7): 1686−1697 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.04.047

Frey TG, Mannella CA (2000) The internal structure of mitochondria. Trends Biochem Sci 25(7): 319−324 doi: 10.1016/S0968-0004(00)01609-1

Guo YE, Manteiga JC, Henninger JE, Sabari BR, Dall'Agnese A, Hannett NM, Spille JH, Afeyan LK, Zamudio AV, Shrinivas K, Abraham BJ, Boija A, Decker TM, Rimel JK, Fant CB, Lee TI, Cisse, II, Sharp PA, Taatjes DJ, Young RA (2019) Pol II phosphorylation regulates a switch between transcriptional and splicing condensates. Nature 572(7770): 543−548 doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1464-0

Gustafsson CM, Falkenberg M, Larsson NG (2016) Maintenance and expression of mammalian mitochondrial DNA. Annu Rev Biochem 85: 133−160

Hansen AS, Hsieh TS, Cattoglio C, Pustova I, Saldana-Meyer R, Reinberg D, Darzacq X, Tjian R (2019) Distinct classes of chromatin loops revealed by deletion of an RNA-binding region in CTCF. Mol Cell 76(3): 395−411 doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.07.039

Henninger JE, Oksuz O, Shrinivas K, Sagi I, LeRoy G, Zheng MM, Andrews JO, Zamudio AV, Lazaris C, Hannett NM, Lee TI, Sharp PA, Cisse, II, Chakraborty AK, Young RA (2020) RNA-mediated feedback control of transcriptional condensates. Cell 184(1): 207−225

Hillen HS, Morozov YI, Sarfallah A, Temiakov D, Cramer P (2017) Structural basis of mitochondrial transcription initiation. Cell 171(5): 1072−1081 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.036

Hillen HS, Temiakov D, Cramer P (2018) Structural basis of mitochondrial transcription. Nat Struct Mol Biol 25(9): 754−765 doi: 10.1038/s41594-018-0122-9

Jourdain AA, Koppen M, Wydro M, Rodley CD, Lightowlers RN, Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZM, Martinou JC (2013) GRSF1 regulates RNA processing in mitochondrial RNA granules. Cell Metab 17(3): 399−410 doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.02.005

Klein IA, Boija A, Afeyan LK, Hawken SW, Fan M, Dall'Agnese A, Oksuz O, Henninger JE, Shrinivas K, Sabari BR, Sagi I, Clark VE, Platt JM, Kar M, McCall PM, Zamudio AV, Manteiga JC, Coffey EL, Li CH, Hannett NM, Guo YE, Decker TM, Lee TI, Zhang T, Weng JK, Taatjes DJ, Chakraborty A, Sharp PA, Chang YT, Hyman AA, Gray NS, Young RA (2020) Partitioning of cancer therapeutics in nuclear condensates. Science 368(6497): 1386−1392 doi: 10.1126/science.aaz4427

Kukat C, Davies KM, Wurm CA, Spåhr H, Bonekamp NA, Kühl I, Joos F, Polosa PL, Park CB, Posse V, Falkenberg M, Jakobs S, Kühlbrandt W, Larsson NG (2015) Cross-strand binding of TFAM to a single mtDNA molecule forms the mitochondrial nucleoid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112(36): 11288−11293 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1512131112

Ladouceur AM, Parmar BS, Biedzinski S, Wall J, Tope SG, Cohn D, Kim A, Soubry N, Reyes-Lamothe R, Weber SC (2020) Clusters of bacterial RNA polymerase are biomolecular condensates that assemble through liquid-liquid phase separation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 117(31): 18540−18549 doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005019117

Lafontaine DLJ, Riback JA, Bascetin R, Brangwynne CP (2021) The nucleolus as a multiphase liquid condensate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 22(3): 165−182 doi: 10.1038/s41580-020-0272-6

Larson AG, Elnatan D, Keenen MM, Trnka MJ, Johnston JB, Burlingame AL, Agard DA, Redding S, Narlikar GJ (2017) Liquid droplet formation by HP1alpha suggests a role for phase separation in heterochromatin. Nature 547(7662): 236−240 doi: 10.1038/nature22822

Larson AG, Narlikar GJ (2018) The role of phase separation in heterochromatin formation, function, and regulation. Biochemistry 57(17): 2540−2548 doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00401

Lee JH, Wang R, Xiong F, Krakowiak J, Liao Z, Nguyen PT, Moroz-Omori EV, Shao J, Zhu X, Bolt MJ, Wu H, Singh PK, Bi M, Shi CJ, Jamal N, Li G, Mistry R, Jung SY, Tsai KL, Ferreon JC, Stossi F, Caflisch A, Liu Z, Mancini MA, Li W (2021) Enhancer RNA m6A methylation facilitates transcriptional condensate formation and gene activation. Mol Cell 81(16): 3368−3385 doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.024

Long Q, Zhou Y, Wu H, Du S, Hu M, Qi J, Li W, Guo J, Wu Y, Yang L, Xiang G, Wang L, Ye S, Wen J, Mao H, Wang J, Zhao H, Chan WY, Liu J, Chen Y, Li P, Liu X (2021) Phase separation drives the self-assembly of mitochondrial nucleoids for transcriptional modulation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 28(11): 900−908 doi: 10.1038/s41594-021-00671-w

Lu H, Yu D, Hansen AS, Ganguly S, Liu R, Heckert A, Darzacq X, Zhou Q (2018) Phase-separation mechanism for C-terminal hyperphosphorylation of RNA polymerase II. Nature 558(7709): 318−323 doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0174-3

Masters BS, Stohl LL, Clayton DA (1987) Yeast mitochondrial RNA polymerase is homologous to those encoded by bacteriophages T3 and T7. Cell 51(1): 89−99 doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90013-4

Misteli T (2020) The self-organizing genome: principles of genome architecture and function. Cell 183(1): 28−45 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.014

Nava MM, Miroshnikova YA, Biggs LC, Whitefield DB, Metge F, Boucas J, Vihinen H, Jokitalo E, Li X, Garcia Arcos JM, Hoffmann B, Merkel R, Niessen CM, Dahl KN, Wickstrom SA (2020) Heterochromatin-driven nuclear softening protects the genome against mechanical stress-induced damage. Cell 181(4): 800−817 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.052

Ngo HB, Lovely GA, Phillips R, Chan DC (2014) Distinct structural features of TFAM drive mitochondrial DNA packaging versus transcriptional activation. Nat Commun 5: 3077. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4077

Pearce SF, Rebelo-Guiomar P, D'Souza AR, Powell CA, Van Haute L, Minczuk M (2017) Regulation of mammalian mitochondrial gene expression: recent advances. Trends Biochem Sci 42(8): 625−639 doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2017.02.003

Riback JA, Zhu L, Ferrolino MC, Tolbert M, Mitrea DM, Sanders DW, Wei M-T, Kriwacki RW, Brangwynne CP (2020) Composition-dependent thermodynamics of intracellular phase separation. Nature 581(7807): 209−214 doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2256-2

Roger AJ, Munoz-Gomez SA, Kamikawa R (2017) The origin and diversification of mitochondria. Curr Biol 27(21): R1177−R1192 doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.015

Sabari BR, Dall'Agnese A, Boija A, Klein IA, Coffey EL, Shrinivas K, Abraham BJ, Hannett NM, Zamudio AV, Manteiga JC, Li CH, Guo YE, Day DS, Schuijers J, Vasile E, Malik S, Hnisz D, Lee TI, Cisse, II, Roeder RG, Sharp PA, Chakraborty AK, Young RA (2018) Coactivator condensation at super-enhancers links phase separation and gene control. Science 361(6400): eaar3958. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar3958

Sabari BR, Dall'Agnese A, Young RA (2020) Biomolecular condensates in the nucleus. Trends Biochem Sci 45(11): 961−977 doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.06.007

Shen EL, Bogenhagen DF (2001) Developmentally-regulated packaging of mitochondrial DNA by the HMG-box protein mtTFA during Xenopus oogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 29(13): 2822−2828 doi: 10.1093/nar/29.13.2822

Shin Y, Brangwynne CP (2017) Liquid phase condensation in cell physiology and disease. Science 357(6357): eaaf4382. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf4382

Song F, Chen P, Sun D, Wang M, Dong L, Liang D, Xu RM, Zhu P, Li G (2014) Cryo-EM study of the chromatin fiber reveals a double helix twisted by tetranucleosomal units. Science 344(6182): 376−380 doi: 10.1126/science.1251413

Steinbach N, Hasson D, Mathur D, Stratikopoulos EE, Sachidanandam R, Bernstein E, Parsons RE (2019) PTEN interacts with the transcription machinery on chromatin and regulates RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 47(11): 5573−5586 doi: 10.1093/nar/gkz272

Strickfaden H, Tolsma TO, Sharma A, Underhill DA, Hansen JC, Hendzel MJ (2020) Condensed chromatin behaves like a solid on the mesoscale in vitro and in living cells. Cell 183(7): 1772−1784 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.027

Strom AR, Emelyanov AV, Mir M, Fyodorov DV, Darzacq X, Karpen GH (2017) Phase separation drives heterochromatin domain formation. Nature 547(7662): 241−245 doi: 10.1038/nature22989

Takamatsu C, Umeda S, Ohsato T, Ohno T, Abe Y, Fukuoh A, Shinagawa H, Hamasaki N, Kang D (2002) Regulation of mitochondrial D-loops by transcription factor A and single-stranded DNA-binding protein. EMBO Rep 3(5): 451−456 doi: 10.1093/embo-reports/kvf099

Terzioglu M, Ruzzenente B, Harmel J, Mourier A, Jemt E, Lopez MD, Kukat C, Stewart JB, Wibom R, Meharg C, Habermann B, Falkenberg M, Gustafsson CM, Park CB, Larsson NG (2013) MTERF1 binds mtDNA to prevent transcriptional interference at the light-strand promoter but is dispensable for rRNA gene transcription regulation. Cell Metab 17(4): 618−626 doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.006

Wang J, Choi JM, Holehouse AS, Lee HO, Zhang X, Jahnel M, Maharana S, Lemaitre R, Pozniakovsky A, Drechsel D, Poser I, Pappu RV, Alberti S, Hyman AA (2018) A molecular grammar governing the driving forces for phase separation of prion-like RNA binding proteins. Cell 174(3): 688−699 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.006

Wang L, Hu M, Zuo MQ, Zhao J, Wu D, Huang L, Wen Y, Li Y, Chen P, Bao X, Dong MQ, Li G, Li P (2020) Rett syndrome-causing mutations compromise MeCP2-mediated liquid-liquid phase separation of chromatin. Cell Res 30(5): 393−407 doi: 10.1038/s41422-020-0288-7

Yakubovskaya E, Mejia E, Byrnes J, Hambardjieva E, Garcia-Diaz M (2010) Helix unwinding and base flipping enable human MTERF1 to terminate mitochondrial transcription. Cell 141(6): 982−993 doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.05.018

Supplements(0)

Relative Articles

Cited By

Proportional views