| Citation: | Yingsi Xie, Ruslan G. Tuguntaev, Cong Mao, Haoting Chen, Ying Tao, Shixiang Wang, Bin Yang, Weisheng Guo. Stimuli-responsive polymeric nanomaterials for rheumatoid arthritis therapy[J]. Biophysics Reports, 2020, 6(5): 193-210. doi: 10.1007/s41048-020-00117-8
|
|
Abbas M, Monireh M (2008) The role of reactive oxygen species in immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 7(4): 195–202
|
|
Alam MM, Han HS, Sung S, Kang JH, Sa KH, Al Faruque H, Hong J, Nam EJ, San Kim I, Park JH (2017) Endogenous inspired biomineral-installed hyaluronan nanoparticles as pH-responsive carrier of methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. J Control Release 252: 62-72
|
|
Albinali KE, Zagho MM, Deng Y, Elzatahry AA (2019) A perspective on magnetic core–shell carriers for responsive and targeted drug delivery systems. Int J Nanomed 14: 1707-1723
|
|
Aletaha D, Smolen JS (2018) Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review. JAMA 320(13): 1360-1372
|
|
Arias JL, López-Viota M, López-Viota J, Delgado ÁV (2009) Development of iron/ethylcellulose (core/shell) nanoparticles loaded with diclofenac sodium for arthritis treatment. Int J Pharm 382(1-2): 270-276
|
|
Baeza A, Guisasola E, Ruiz-Hernandez E, Vallet-Regí M (2012) Magnetically triggered multidrug release by hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chem Mater 24(3): 517-524
|
|
Behrens MA, Bergenholtz J, Pedersen JS (2014) Temperature-induced attractive interactions of PEO-containing block copolymer micelles. Langmuir 30(21): 6021-6029
|
|
Beija M, Marty J-D, Destarac M (2011) Thermoresponsive poly (N-vinyl caprolactam)-coated gold nanoparticles: sharp reversible response and easy tunability. Chem Commun 47(10): 2826-2828
|
|
Borregaard N, Herlin T (1982) Energy metabolism of human neutrophils during phagocytosis. J Clin Investig 70(3): 550-557
|
|
Boyer C, Liu J, Bulmus V, Davis TP (2009) RAFT polymer end-group modification and chain coupling/conjugation via disulfide bonds. Aust J Chem 62(8): 830-847
|
|
Chatterjee S, Hui C-L (2019) Review of stimuli-responsive polymers in drug delivery and textile application. Molecules 24(14): 2547
|
|
Chen B, Zhang Y, Ran R, Wang B, Qin F, Zhang T, Wan G, Chen H, Wang Y (2019a) Reactive oxygen species-responsive nanoparticles based on a thioketal-containing poly (β-amino ester) for combining photothermal/photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. Polym Chem 10(34): 4746-4757
|
|
Chen M-C, Mi F-L, Liao Z-X, Hsiao C-W, Sonaje K, Chung M-F, Hsu L-W, Sung H-W (2013) Recent advances in chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral delivery of macromolecules. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65(6): 865-879
|
|
Chen M, Amerigos JCK, Su Z, Guissi NEI, Xiao Y, Zong L, Ping Q (2019b) Folate receptor-targeting and reactive oxygen species-responsive liposomal formulation of methotrexate for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmaceutics 11(11): 582
|
|
Cui W, Lu X, Cui K, Niu L, Wei Y, Lu Q (2012) Dual-responsive controlled drug delivery based on ionically assembled nanoparticles. Langmuir 28(25): 9413-9420
|
|
Cui W, Lu X, Cui K, Wu J, Wei Y, Lu Q (2011) Photosensitive nanoparticles of chitosan complex for controlled release of dye molecules. Nanotechnology 22(6): 065702
|
|
Dai J, Lin S, Cheng D, Zou S, Shuai X (2011) Interlayer‐crosslinked micelle with partially hydrated core showing reduction and pH dual sensitivity for pinpointed intracellular drug release. Angew Chem Int Ed 50(40): 9404-9408
|
|
De La Rica R, Aili D, Stevens MM (2012) Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for drug release and diagnostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64(11): 967-978
|
|
Deane KD, Demoruelle MK, Kelmenson LB, Kuhn KA, Norris JM, Holers VM (2017) Genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 31(1): 3-18
|
|
Duong HT, Jung K, Kutty SK, Agustina S, Adnan NNM, Basuki JS, Kumar N, Davis TP, Barraud N, Boyer C (2014) Nanoparticle (star polymer) delivery of nitric oxide effectively negates Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. Biomacromolecules 15(7): 2583-2589
|
|
Elluru M, Ma H, Hadjiargyrou M, Hsiao BS, Chu B (2013) Synthesis and characterization of biocompatible hydrogel using Pluronics-based block copolymers. Polymer 54(8): 2088-2095
|
|
Fang W, Yang J, Gong J, Zheng N (2012) Photo- and pH-triggered release of anticancer drugs from mesoporous silica-coated Pd@ Ag nanoparticles. Adv Funct Mater 22(4): 842-848
|
|
Farr M, GARVEYo K, Bold A, Kendall M, Bacon P (1985) Significance of the hydrogen ion concentration in synovial fluid. Clin Exp Rheumatol 3: 99-104
|
|
Firestein GS, McInnes IB (2017) Immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunity 46(2): 183-196
|
|
Fomina N, McFearin C, Sermsakdi M, Edigin O, Almutairi A (2010) UV and near-IR triggered release from polymeric nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 132(28): 9540-9542
|
|
Fomina N, McFearin CL, Sermsakdi M, Morachis JM, Almutairi A (2011) Low power, biologically benign NIR light triggers polymer disassembly. Macromolecules 44(21): 8590-8597
|
|
Fonseca LJS, Nunes-Souza V, Goulart MOF, Rabelo LA (2019) Oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis: what the future might hold regarding novel biomarkers and add-on therapies. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2019: 7536805
|
|
Ganta S, Devalapally H, Shahiwala A, Amiji M (2008) A review of stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery. J Control Release 126(3): 187-204
|
|
Gaspar VM, Marques JG, Sousa F, Louro RO, Queiroz JA, Correia IJ (2013) Biofunctionalized nanoparticles with pH-responsive and cell penetrating blocks for gene delivery. Nanotechnology 24(27): 275101
|
|
Geborek P, Saxne T, Pettersson H, Wollheim F (1989) Synovial fluid acidosis correlates with radiological joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis knee joints. J Rheumatol 16(4): 468-472
|
|
Goldie I, Nachemson A (1969) synovial pH in rheumatoid knee-joints I. The effect of synovectomy. Acta Orthop Scand 40(5): 634-641
|
|
Guo Q, Wang Y, Xu D, Nossent J, Pavlos NJ, Xu J (2018) Rheumatoid arthritis: pathological mechanisms and modern pharmacologic therapies. Bone Res 6: 15
|
|
Han D, Tong X, Zhao Y (2012) Block copolymer micelles with a dual-stimuli-responsive core for fast or slow degradation. Langmuir 28(5): 2327-2331
|
|
Heidarli E, Dadashzadeh S, Haeri A (2017) State of the art of stimuli-responsive liposomes for cancer therapy. Iran J Pharm Res 16(4): 1273-1304
|
|
Huo M, Yuan J, Tao L, Wei Y (2014) Redox-responsive polymers for drug delivery: from molecular design to applications. Polym Chem 5(5): 1519-1528
|
|
Indermun S, Govender M, Kumar P, Choonara YE, Pillay V (2018) Stimuli-responsive polymers as smart drug delivery systems: classifications based on carrier type and triggered-release mechanism. In: Abdel Salam Hamdy Makhlouf and Nedal Y. Abu-Thabit (eds). Stimuli responsive polymeric nanocarriers for drug delivery applications (Vol. 1). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 43–58
|
|
Jain M, Attur M, Furer V, Todd J, Ramirez R, Lock M, Lu QA, Abramson SB, Greenberg JD (2015) Increased plasma IL-17F levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients are responsive to methotrexate, anti-TNF, and T cell costimulatory modulation. Inflammation 38(1): 180-186
|
|
James HP, John R, Alex A, Anoop K (2014) Smart polymers for the controlled delivery of drugs — a concise overview. Acta Pharm Sin B 4(2): 120-127
|
|
Jin H, Zhu T, Huang X, Sun M, Li H, Zhu X, Liu M, Xie Y, Huang W, Yan D (2019) ROS-responsive nanoparticles based on amphiphilic hyperbranched polyphosphoester for drug delivery: light-triggered size-reducing and enhanced tumor penetration. Biomaterials 211: 68-80
|
|
Jung J, Lee IH, Lee E, Park J, Jon S (2007) pH-sensitive polymer nanospheres for use as a potential drug delivery vehicle. Biomacromolecules 8(11): 3401-3407
|
|
Karimi M, Eslami M, Sahandi‐Zangabad P, Mirab F, Farajisafiloo N, Shafaei Z, Ghosh D, Bozorgomid M, Dashkhaneh F, Hamblin MR (2016a) pH-sensitive stimulus-responsive nanocarriers for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 8(5): 696-716
|
|
Karimi M, Sahandi Zangabad P, Ghasemi A, Amiri M, Bahrami M, Malekzad H, Ghahramanzadeh Asl H, Mahdieh Z, Bozorgomid M, Ghasemi A (2016b) Temperature-responsive smart nanocarriers for delivery of therapeutic agents: applications and recent advances. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(33): 21107-21133
|
|
Keffer J, Probert L, Cazlaris H, Georgopoulos S, Kaslaris E, Kioussis D, Kollias G (1991) Transgenic mice expressing human tumour necrosis factor: a predictive genetic model of arthritis. EMBO J 10(13): 4025-4031
|
|
Khojah HM, Ahmed S, Abdel-Rahman MS, Hamza A-B (2016) Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as potential biomarkers for disease activity and the role of antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 97: 285-291
|
|
Kim HJ, Lee S-M, Park K-H, Mun CH, Park Y-B, Yoo K-H (2015) Drug-loaded gold/iron/gold plasmonic nanoparticles for magnetic targeted chemo-photothermal treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Biomaterials 61: 95-102
|
|
Kim MS, Gruneich J, Jing H, Diamond SL (2010) Photo-induced release of active plasmid from crosslinked nanoparticles: o-nitrobenzyl/methacrylate functionalized polyethyleneimine. J Mater Chem 20(17): 3396-3403
|
|
Kuang T, Liu Y, Gong T, Peng X, Hu X, Yu Z (2016) Enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery. Curr Nanosci 12(1): 38-46
|
|
Lee SM, Kim HJ, Ha YJ, Park YN, Lee SK, Park YB, Yoo KH (2013) Targeted chemo-photothermal treatments of rheumatoid arthritis using gold half-shell multifunctional nanoparticles. ACS Nano 7(1): 50-57
|
|
Lima SAC, Reis S (2015) Temperature-responsive polymeric nanospheres containing methotrexate and gold nanoparticles: a multi-drug system for theranostic in rheumatoid arthritis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 133: 378-387
|
|
Liu J, Duong H, Whittaker MR, Davis TP, Boyer C (2012) Synthesis of functional core, star polymers via RAFT polymerization for drug delivery applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 33(9): 760-766
|
|
Liu L, Hu F, Wang H, Wu X, Eltahan AS, Stanford S, Bottini N, Xiao H, Bottini M, Guo W (2019) Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine mediated biomimetic delivery of methotrexate by albumin-based nanomedicines for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. ACS nano 13(5): 5036-5048
|
|
Liu R, Li D, He B, Xu X, Sheng M, Lai Y, Wang G, Gu Z (2011) Anti-tumor drug delivery of pH-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(L-histidine-)-poly(L-lactide) nanoparticles. J Control Release 152(1): 49-56
|
|
Lopes JR, Santos G, Barata P, Oliveira R, Lopes CM (2013) Physical and chemical stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems: targeted delivery and main routes of administration. Curr Pharm Des 19(41): 7169-7184
|
|
Lu J, Choi E, Tamanoi F, Zink JI (2008) Light‐activated nanoimpeller‐controlled drug release in cancer cells. Small 4(4): 421-426
|
|
Lv C, Wang Z, Wang P, Tang X (2012) Photodegradable polyurethane self-assembled nanoparticles for photocontrollable release. Langmuir 28(25): 9387-9394
|
|
McInnes IB, O'Dell JR (2010) State-of-the-art: rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 69(11): 1898-1906
|
|
McInnes IB, Schett G (2017) Pathogenetic insights from the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 389(10086): 2328-2337
|
|
Menkin V (1956) Biology of inflammation. Science 123: 527-534
|
|
Moon SJ, You DG, Li Y, Um W, Jung JM, Kim CH, Oh BH, Park JH, Lee DS (2020) pH-sensitive polymeric micelles as the methotrexate carrier for targeting rheumatoid arthritis. Macromol Res 28: 99-102
|
|
Mura S, Nicolas J, Couvreur P (2013) Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery. Nat Mater 12(11): 991-1003
|
|
Murthy N, Campbell J, Fausto N, Hoffman AS, Stayton PS (2003) Bioinspired pH-responsive polymers for the intracellular delivery of biomolecular drugs. Bioconjug Chem 14(2): 412-419
|
|
Nahire R, Paul S, Scott MD, Singh RK, Muhonen WW, Shabb J, Gange KN, Srivastava D, Sarkar K, Mallik S (2012) Ultrasound enhanced matrix metalloproteinase-9 triggered release of contents from echogenic liposomes. Mol Pharm 9(9): 2554-2564
|
|
Nogueira E, Gomes AC, Preto A, Cavaco-Paulo A (2016) Folate-targeted nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med 12(4): 1113-1126
|
|
Oliveira IM, Gonçalves C, Reis RL, Oliveira JM (2018) Engineering nanoparticles for targeting rheumatoid arthritis: past, present, and future trends. Nano Res 11(9): 4489-4506
|
|
Patra JK, Das G, Fraceto LF, Campos EVR, Rodriguez-Torres MDP, Acosta-Torres LS, Diaz-Torres LA, Grillo R, Swamy MK, Sharma S, Habtemariam S, Shin HS (2018) Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnol 16(1): 71
|
|
Peper SM, Lew R, Mikuls T, Brophy M, Rybin D, Wu H, O'Dell J (2017) Rheumatoid arthritis treatment after methotrexate: the durability of triple therapy versus etanercept. Arthritis Care Res 69(10): 1467-1472
|
|
Pham CT (2011) Nanotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 3(6): 607-619
|
|
Polyak B, Friedman G (2009) Magnetic targeting for site-specific drug delivery: applications and clinical potential. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 6(1): 53-70
|
|
Quan L-d, Thiele GM, Tian J, Wang D (2008) The development of novel therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Ther Pat 18(7): 723-738
|
|
Rajamäki K, Nordström T, Nurmi K, Åkerman KE, Kovanen PT, Öörni K, Eklund KK (2013) Extracellular acidosis is a novel danger signal alerting innate immunity via the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Biol Chem 288(19): 13410-13419
|
|
Raza A, Rasheed T, Nabeel F, Hayat U, Bilal M, Iqbal H (2019) Endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems for programmed site-specific release. Molecules 24(6): 1117
|
|
Roiniotis J, Dinh H, Masendycz P, Turner A, Elsegood CL, Scholz GM, Hamilton JA (2009) Hypoxia prolongs monocyte/macrophage survival and enhanced glycolysis is associated with their maturation under aerobic conditions. J Immunol 182(12): 7974-7981
|
|
Sagnella SM, Duong H, MacMillan A, Boyer C, Whan R, McCarroll JA, Davis TP, Kavallaris M (2014) Dextran-based doxorubicin nanocarriers with improved tumor penetration. Biomacromolecules 15(1): 262-275
|
|
Sethuraman VA, Na K, Bae YH (2006) pH-responsive sulfonamide/PEI system for tumor specific gene delivery: an in vitro study. Biomacromolecules 7(1): 64-70
|
|
Shen R, Mu B, Du P, Liu P (2011) Preparation of photo-sensitive degradable polymeric nanocapsules from dendrimer grafted nano-silica templates. Soft Mater 9(4): 382-392
|
|
Shenoy D, Little S, Langer R, Amiji M (2005) Poly (ethylene oxide)-modified poly (β-amino ester) nanoparticles as a pH-sensitive system for tumor-targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs. 1. In vitro evaluations. Mol Pharm 2(5): 357-366
|
|
Siafaka PI, Üstündağ Okur N, Karavas E, Bikiaris DN (2016) Surface modified multifunctional and stimuli responsive nanoparticles for drug targeting: current status and uses. Int J Mol Sci 17(9): 1440
|
|
Singh A, Amiji MM (2018) Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems. Royal Society of Chemistry, London
|
|
Singh P, Pandit S, Mokkapati V, Garg A, Ravikumar V, Mijakovic I (2018) Gold nanoparticles in diagnostics and therapeutics for human cancer. Int J Mol Sci 19(7): 1979
|
|
Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Barton A, Burmester GR, Emery P, Firestein GS, Kavanaugh A, McInnes IB, Solomon DH, Strand V, Yamamoto K (2018) Rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 4(1): 18001
|
|
Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Redlich K (2012) The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: new insights from old clinical data?. Nat Rev Rheumatol 8(4): 235
|
|
Song N, Liu W, Tu Q, Liu R, Zhang Y, Wang J (2011) Preparation and in vitro properties of redox-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for paclitaxel delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 87(2): 454-463
|
|
Song R, Murphy M, Li C, Ting K, Soo C, Zheng Z (2018) Current development of biodegradable polymeric materials for biomedical applications. Drug Des Dev Ther 12: 3117
|
|
Sostres C, Gargallo CJ, Arroyo MT, Lanas A (2010) Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, aspirin and coxibs) on upper gastrointestinal tract. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 24(2): 121-132
|
|
Stuart MAC, Huck WT, Genzer J, Müller M, Ober C, Stamm M, Sukhorukov GB, Szleifer I, Tsukruk VV, Urban M (2010) Emerging applications of stimuli-responsive polymer materials. Nat Mater 9(2): 101-113
|
|
Ta T, Convertine AJ, Reyes CR, Stayton PS, Porter TM (2010) Thermosensitive liposomes modified with poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-propylacrylic acid) copolymers for triggered release of doxorubicin. Biomacromolecules 11(8): 1915-1920
|
|
Uslu A, Güvenaltın Ş (2010) The investigation of structural and thermosensitive properties of new phosphazene derivatives bearing glycol and amino acid. Dalton Trans 39(44): 10685-10691
|
|
van der Meel R, Sulheim E, Shi Y, Kiessling F, Mulder WJ, Lammers T (2019) Smart cancer nanomedicine. Nat Nanotechnol 14(11): 1007-1017
|
|
Vandewalle J, Luypaert A, De Bosscher K, Libert C (2018) Therapeutic mechanisms of glucocorticoids. Trends Endocrinol Metab 29(1): 42-54
|
|
Vats M, Mishra SK, Baghini MS, Chauhan DS, Srivastava R, De A (2017) Near infrared fluorescence imaging in nano-therapeutics and photo-thermal evaluation. Inter J Mol Sci 18(5): 924
|
|
Wang S, Lv J, Meng S, Tang J, Nie L (2020) Recent Advances in Nanotheranostics for treat-to-target of rheumatoid arthritis. Adv Healthc Mater 9(6): 1901541
|
|
Wen J, Anderson SM, Du J, Yan M, Wang J, Shen M, Lu Y, Segura T (2011) Controlled protein delivery based on enzyme-responsive nanocapsules. Adv Mater 23(39): 4549-4553
|
|
Wilson DS, Dalmasso G, Wang L, Sitaraman SV, Merlin D, Murthy N (2010) Orally delivered thioketal nanoparticles loaded with TNF-α–siRNA target inflammation and inhibit gene expression in the intestines. Nat Mater 9(11): 923-928
|
|
Xu Y, Mu J, Xu Z, Zhong H, Chen Z, Ni Q, Liang X-J, Guo S (2020) Modular acid-activatable acetone-based ketal-linked nanomedicine by dexamethasone prodrugs for enhanced anti-rheumatoid arthritis with low side effects. Nano Lett 20(4): 2558-2568
|
|
Yang B, Jia H, Wang X, Chen S, Zhang X, Zhuo R, Feng J (2014a) Self-assembled vehicle construction via boronic acid coupling and host-guest interaction for serum-tolerant DNA transport and pH-responsive drug delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 3(4): 596-608
|
|
Yoon S, Kim WJ, Yoo HS (2013) Dual-responsive breakdown of nanostructures with high doxorubicin payload for apoptotic anticancer therapy. Small 9(2): 284-293
|
|
Yu C, Li X, Hou Y, Meng X, Wang D, Liu J, Sun F, Li Y (2019) Hyaluronic acid coated acid-sensitive nanoparticles for targeted therapy of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Molecules 24(1): 146
|
|
Zhang G, Jiang X (2019) Temperature responsive nanoparticles based on PEGylated polyaspartamide derivatives for drug delivery. Polymers 11(2): 316
|
|
Zhang S, Wu L, Cao J, Wang K, Ge Y, Ma W, Qi X, Shen S (2018) Effect of magnetic nanoparticles size on rheumatoid arthritis targeting and photothermal therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 170: 224-232
|
|
Zhang T, Sturgis TF, Youan B-BC (2011) pH-responsive nanoparticles releasing tenofovir intended for the prevention of HIV transmission. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 79(3): 526-536
|
|
Zhao J, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhao M, Yu C, Lee RJ, Sun F, Zhou Y, Li Y, Teng L (2018) Dual-functional lipid polymeric hybrid pH-responsive nanoparticles decorated with cell penetrating peptide and folate for therapy against rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 130: 39-47
|
|
Zhao J, Zhao M, Yu C, Zhang X, Liu J, Cheng X, Lee RJ, Sun F, Teng L, Li Y (2017) Multifunctional folate receptor-targeting and pH-responsive nanocarriers loaded with methotrexate for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Nanomed 12: 6735-6746
|
|
Zhao M, Biswas A, Hu B, Joo KI, Wang P, Gu Z, Tang Y (2011) Redox-responsive nanocapsules for intracellular protein delivery. Biomaterials 32(22): 5223-5230
|
|
Zubris KA, Liu R, Colby A, Schulz MD, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW (2013) In vitro activity of paclitaxel-loaded polymeric expansile nanoparticles in breast cancer cells. Biomacromolecules 14(6): 2074-2082
|
Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,15 Datun Road, Chaoyang Beijing 100101, China
(86-10) 64888458
E-mail alert
RSS
DownLoad: