Simulated microgravity potentiates generation of reactive oxygen species in cells

Fanlei Ran; Lili An; Yingjun Fan; Haiying Hang; Shihua Wang

doi:10.1007/s41048-016-0029-0

Volume 2 Issue 5-6

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Fanlei Ran, Lili An, Yingjun Fan, Haiying Hang, Shihua Wang. Simulated microgravity potentiates generation of reactive oxygen species in cells. Biophysics Reports, 2016, 2(5-6): 100-105. doi: 10.1007/s41048-016-0029-0

Citation:

Fanlei Ran, Lili An, Yingjun Fan, Haiying Hang, Shihua Wang. Simulated microgravity potentiates generation of reactive oxygen species in cells. Biophysics Reports, 2016, 2(5-6): 100-105. doi: 10.1007/s41048-016-0029-0

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Simulated microgravity potentiates generation of reactive oxygen species in cells

doi: 10.1007/s41048-016-0029-0

1 Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2 Key Laboratory for Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Funds: This work was supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA04020202-13 and XDA04020413) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370792 and 11179040).

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Corresponding author: Haiying Hang, Shihua Wang
Received Date: 29 April 2016
Rev Recd Date: 18 July 2016
Publish Date: 31 August 2016

Abstract

Abstract

Microgravity (MG) and space radiation are two major environmental factors of space environment. Ionizing radiation generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) which plays a key role in radiation-induced DNA damage. Interestingly, simulated microgravity (SMG) also increases ROS production in various cell types. Thus, it is important to detect whether SMG could potentiate ROS production induced by genotoxins including radiation, especially at a minimal level not sufficient to induce detectable ROS. In this study, we treated mouse embryonic stem (MES) cells with H₂O₂ and SMG for 24 h. The concentration of H₂O₂ used was within 30 μmol/L at which intracellular ROS was the same as that in untreated cells. Exposure of cells to SMG for 24 h did not induce significantly higher levels of intracellular ROS than that of control cells either. Simultaneous exposure of cells to both SMG- and H₂O_2^- induced ROS and apoptosis in MES cells. Although incubation in medium containing 5 or 30 lmol/L H₂O₂ induced a small enhancement of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the addition of SMG treatment dramatically increased DSB levels. Taken together, SMG can significantly potentiate the effects of H₂O₂ at a low concentration that induce a small or negligible change in cells on ROS, apoptosis, and DNA damage. The results were discussed in relation to the combined effects of space radiation and MG on human body in this study.
- H₂O₂,
- SMG,
- ROS production,
- DNA damage,
- Apoptosis

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